By Marco Martuzzi, Francesco Mitis, Ivano Iavarone, Maria Serinelli. World Health Organization. Air pollution has a large impact on health in italian cities. During the period 2002-2004, 8220 death a year, on average, were attributable to PM10 concentrations above 20 nanog/m3. This is 9% of the mortality for all causes, excluding accidents, in the population older than 30 years of age. This figure is estimated by taking into account lng-term effects. With the effects on mortality that take place in the short terms (within a week after exposure), the impact on mortality, again for PM10 above 20 nanog/m3, was 1372 death, 1,5% of the total mortality in the whole population.
The great detail now avaible in the literature on the effects on mortality of PM allows breakdown, by causes of death, of the impact on mortality (above 20 nanog/m3). The causes of death included in the long-term effects are lung cancer (742 cases a year), infarction (2562 cases a year) and stroke (329 cases a year). Acute effects included cardiovascular causes (843 cases a year) and respiratory causes (186 cases).
Altought mortalily is the most severe outcomes, large numbers of cases attributable to PM were estimated for many other outcomes of different severities. These include morbidity in children and adults (such as bronchitis, asthma and respiratory symptoms), hospital admission for cardiac disease and respiratory conditions, and ill health that results in restricted activity and also in a loss of working days. For italian cities, these effects are sizeable, and the results are in line with those obtained in analogous impact assessments in Europe and the Americas and so were, proportionately, the effects on health.
The impact of PM and ozone on all the health outcomes represent important public health issues. The burden of disease is great at the individual and family level, among adults and children, and includes premature death, and chronic and acute disease, such as cancer, bronchitis, asthma and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms. The burden on society is also great: loss of life and a significant erosion of life expectancy, and the loss of economic productivity due to mild and severe imparirments. Finally, it is agreat burden on health care system, in terms of the cost of thousands of hospital admission.
Uno studio dell'OMS correla la mortalità e la morbilità di 13 città italiane con l'incremento del PM10.
Concentrazioni di PM10 superiori a 20 nanogrammi/metrocubo, stimano gli autori, hanno determinato, durante il periodo 2002-2004, 8220 morti all'anno attribuibili all'inquinamento.
Si tratta del 9% di tutte le cause di morte, esclusi gli incidenti, nella popolazione sopra i 30 anni.
E' anche possibile stabilire le cause a breve e a Long-term related to high concentrations of PM10.
Among the long-term causes included lung cancer (estimated at 742 cases per year), stroke (2562 cases per year), stroke (329 cases per year).
Among the short-term effects include cardiovascular causes (843 cases per year) and respiratory causes (186 cases per year).
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